Those are superb images of a beautifully designed and made lathe
The bed looks like a single casting (basically two deep side plates with stretchers forming a box) it is mounted on a wooden frame with iron accessories. The head-stock has two separate bearing brackets bolted to the bed with bronze spindle bearings.
In design, it is likely a precursor to the Putnum shown earlier in the thread. It is a weighted lathe (the weight appears to be missing in the photos) . The hanging weight would provide a preload force to the cross-slide, and thus the carriage, to prevent the cutting forces lifting the slides from their guide-ways*. Other bed shapes, such as the later Prismatic and dovetail (and earlier triangular), are designed so that the cutting forces are constrained by the slide-way* itself .
It is obviously meant to be a precision lathe, so building the carriage hand-wheel on the right side, may be to give a right handed operator better manual control of the carriage traverse. The feed mechanism is very well designed and seems to have added little or no extra complication, when compared to the other left hand drive machines.
I would say the lathes like this and the Putnum example probably represent the pinnacle of weighted lathe design in terms of accuracy or precision.
One intriguing thing, is the bull-gear, which appears to be contemporary: clearly it is not a back-gear, so may have been included to add some spindle-synchronous operation, like screw-threading.
Bill
* I am differentiating these because, while a slide-way has the possibility for low pressure/speed hydrodynamic lubrication, the guide-way's contact area are really too small .